✔ Classification of cardiovascular diseases in children
Отзывы Classification of cardiovascular diseases in children
Ang presyon ng dugo ay isa sa mga pangunahing indikasyon ng kalusugan, na hindi lamang sumasalamin sa puso at sistema ng sirkulasyon, kundi pati na rin sa aktibidad ng mga bato, mga organo ng endokrin, paggawa ng dugo, at ng sistema ng nerbiyos. Kaya naman, walang isang unibersal na gamot laban sa mataas na presyon ng dugo. Hindi ka basta basta puwedeng pumunta sa botika at magtanong ng 'tableta para sa presyon,' kasi agad na tatanungin ng parmasyutiko – anong gamot ang nireseta sa iyo ng doktor? Отзывы о Classification of cardiovascular diseases in children
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Classification of cardiovascular diseases in children
Cardiovascular diseases in children represent a diverse and complex disease, which requires a differentiated classification. A systematic classification allows a specific diagnosis, therapy and prognosis assessment. In the Following, the most important classification approaches are introduced.
1. Classification according to causes
A basic sub-division is made according to the causes of the disease:
Congenital heart defects (CHD — Congenital Heart Defects): Congenital malformations of the heart and great vessels, which develop during the embryonic development. Examples are:
Atrial septal defect (ASD — Atrial Septal Defect)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD — Ventricular Septal Defect)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
Acquired heart diseases: Arise after birth due to various factors:
Cardiomyopathies (dilatativ, hypertrophic, restrictive)
Myocarditis and pericarditis
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
Endocarditis
Heart disease associated with genetic syndromes:
Marfan Syndrome (Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Dilatation)
Down syndrome (frequent VSD, ASD)
Turner syndrome (Coarctation of the Aorta)
2. Classification according to physiological effects
This classification takes into account the impact on the flow of blood and oxygen supply:
Cyanotic heart defects: Lead to a reduction of the oxygen content in the arterial blood and in order to cyanosis. Examples:
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
Trunkus arteriosus
Azyanotische heart failure: The oxygen content in the arterial blood remains normal. Examples:
Ventricular and atrial septal defects (without right‑to‑left Shunt)
Coarctation of the Aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
3. Classification according to hemodynamics
Here, the effect on the blood pressure and flow conditions will be considered:
Shunt disorders: Abnormal blood flow between the circuits (e.g. ASD, VSD, patent ductus arteriosus)
Obstructive disease: narrowing of the heart valves or blood vessels (e.g., aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, Coarctation of the Aorta)
Regurgitation disease: reflux of blood through defective heart valves
Combined forms: combination of Shunt and obstruction of the components (e.g. tetralogy of Fallot)
4. Classification according to the time of Manifestation
Early manifestation (neonatal period): symptoms occur shortly after birth (e.g., Transposition of the great arteries, hypoplastic left heart syndrome)
Late manifestation of symptoms develop later in infancy or childhood (e.g., ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect)
Asymptomatic course: disease is accidentally discovered in the course of investigations
5. International Classification Systems
For the standardized documentation and research of international classifications are used:
ICD‑10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health problems): categories, such as Q20–Q28 for congenital heart defects
Nomenclature of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease (NCCHD): Special nomenclature for pediatric heart defects, which allows for a precise description
Summary
The classification of cardiovascular diseases in children is multidimensional — causes, physiological effects, hemodynamics, and time of Manifestation. A clear classification is essential for clinical practice, epidemiology and scientific research. The use of standardized classification systems ensures a uniform communication between medical professionals around the world.
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Ang presyon ng dugo ay isa sa mga pangunahing indikasyon ng kalusugan, na hindi lamang sumasalamin sa puso at sistema ng sirkulasyon, kundi pati na rin sa aktibidad ng mga bato, mga organo ng endokrin, paggawa ng dugo, at ng sistema ng nerbiyos. Kaya naman, walang isang unibersal na gamot laban sa mataas na presyon ng dugo. Hindi ka basta basta puwedeng pumunta sa botika at magtanong ng 'tableta para sa presyon,' kasi agad na tatanungin ng parmasyutiko – anong gamot ang nireseta sa iyo ng doktor? Sa pangunahing (esensyal) na altapresyon, ito ay dahil sa impluwensya ng namamana, hilig sa mataas na presyon ng dugo sa konteksto ng hindi malusog na pamumuhay, masamang gawi, hindi malusog na pagkain, na nagdudulot ng labis na timbang. Dagdag pa ang stress, kalikasan, kakulangan sa tulog at aktibidad. Lahat ito ay negatibong nakakaapekto sa trabaho ng puso at sa tono ng mga daluyan ng dugo. Ang presyon ay unang tumataas nang hindi napapansin at pagkatapos ay mas nagiging malinaw.